Current Affairs - Science

Exercise : Science - Latest Current Affairs
  • Science - Latest Current Affairs
11.
In which country was the world’s first in-human bladder transplant performed?
United Kingdom
Germany
Canada
United States
Answer: Option
Explanation:
The world’s first in-human bladder transplant was successfully performed in the United States by a team of surgeons from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and the University of Southern California (USC). This groundbreaking surgery was carried out in Southern California on a 41-year-old male patient who had lost bladder function following treatment for a rare form of bladder cancer. The successful procedure marks a major milestone in regenerative medicine and offers new hope for patients suffering from severe bladder conditions, potentially revolutionizing how such cases are treated globally.

12.
What percentage of patients in India with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative (CRGN) infections received the appropriate antibiotic treatment?
7.8%
6.9%
10.4%
3.5%
Answer: Option
Explanation:
In 2019, only 7.8% of patients in India suffering from carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative (CRGN) infections received the correct antibiotic treatment. This low percentage underscores a critical gap in healthcare infrastructure, particularly in diagnostic testing, standardized treatment protocols, and antibiotic availability. The study, published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases, revealed that India fared only slightly better than the average of 6.9% across eight low- and middle-income countries. With nearly a million CRGN cases in India and fewer than one lakh treated appropriately, the result was approximately 3.5 lakh preventable deaths, highlighting an urgent need for improved access to effective antibiotics and robust stewardship programs.

13.
What is the name of the newly discovered bacterium capable of conducting electricity?
Ca. Electrothrix yaqonensis
Bacillus subtilis
Escherichia coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Answer: Option
Explanation:
The newly discovered bacterium, Ca. Electrothrix yaqonensis, was found in the mud flats of Oregon. This bacterium has a unique ability to conduct electricity, thanks to its nickel-based fibers, which facilitate long-distance electron transport. The discovery has significant implications for bioelectronics, such as improving energy-efficient technologies and contributing to pollutant cleanup. This bacterium could also provide valuable insights into bacterial evolution and sediment chemistry, opening up new avenues for scientific research and environmental applications. The ability to conduct electricity could pave the way for future advancements in microbial fuel cells and environmental biotechnology.

14.
What outdated theory once explained malaria as being caused by “bad air” from marshes?
Germ theory
Humoral theory
Contagion theory
Miasma theory
Answer: Option
Explanation:
Miasma theory was the dominant belief for centuries that diseases like malaria were caused by “bad air” emanating from marshes and decaying matter. It wasn’t until scientific breakthroughs in the late 19th century, such as Alphonse Laveran’s discovery of the malaria parasite in human blood and Ronald Ross's identification of its transmission by mosquitoes, that the actual cause of malaria was understood. The shift from miasma theory to germ theory and parasite transmission not only revolutionized medicine but also had far-reaching impacts on colonial expansion, as better malaria control allowed European powers to colonize vast areas of Africa more effectively.

15.
Which country has launched its first-in-human gene therapy trial for Haemophilia?
China
India
United Kingdom
United States
Answer: Option
Explanation:
India has achieved a groundbreaking milestone by initiating its first-in-human gene therapy trial for Haemophilia, marking a significant advancement in its healthcare and biotechnology sectors. The trial is being conducted by BRIC-inStem in collaboration with CMC Vellore and represents a pioneering move toward personalized and precision medicine in the country. This effort highlights India's growing capability in translating scientific research into clinical applications. With rapid expansion in the biotech industry, bolstered by initiatives like the BIO-E3 Policy, India is not only addressing critical health challenges but also reinforcing biotechnology as a pillar of economic growth and national development.