Current Affairs - Environment

In the 2024 Air Pollution Rankings, India holds the 5th position, behind countries like Chad, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. While the average PM2.5 levels in India improved by 7%, falling to 50.6 mg/cu m, the country still struggles with severe pollution levels. India is home to 12 out of the top 20 most polluted cities globally, with Byrnihat topping the list. The WHO recommends PM2.5 levels of no more than 5 mg/cu m, a standard that only 17% of cities globally met last year, illustrating the extent of the pollution problem.

The largest iceberg is currently stuck about 70 km from Georgia Island. It broke off from the Filchner Ice Shelf in Antarctica and has been drifting towards the island. The iceberg's presence near the island could have ecological implications, as its melting and grounding may release nutrients that could support marine life in the surrounding waters. Georgia Island is a British overseas territory, with territorial claims from Argentina as well.

Assam is facing concerns regarding the invasive plant species Ruellia Elegans, also known as the Brazilian petunia, Christmas pride, and wild petunia. This species, native to Latin America, threatens the native biodiversity of Assam, particularly in areas like Digboi. The study highlights the plant’s potential negative impact on local ecosystems, as it competes with native species and disrupts natural habitats. The state's native biodiversity is at risk due to this invasive species, which is known for its elegant appearance.

The discovery of new species of jumping spiders occurred in India, but the title references both India and Sri Lanka, highlighting the biodiversity significance of both countries. Sri Lanka is included due to its ecological role in the region, alongside India. Both countries are recognized for their diverse ecosystems, which contribute to the discovery of new species.

India has pledged to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070 as part of its commitment under the Panchamrit strategy at COP26. This ambitious goal requires significant investments, with an estimated need of over USD 10 trillion. The government is working on setting up a National Green Financing Institution to aggregate green finance and lower the cost of capital to support this target. Achieving net zero by 2070 is crucial for mitigating the economic and environmental risks posed by climate change.