Current Affairs - Environment

The newly identified snake species, Calamaria garoensis, was discovered in the West Garo Hills region, a biodiversity-rich area known for its dense forests and ecological significance. This species was earlier misclassified but later recognised as distinct through detailed taxonomic research. The discovery highlights the rich herpetofaunal diversity of Northeast India, particularly within the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. Meghalaya, with its unique terrain and ecosystems, continues to be a crucial region for biological discoveries, contributing significantly to scientific understanding and conservation of lesser-known reptile species.

A recent research study published in April 2026 highlights a concerning decline in the resilience of the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. It estimates that around 10-15% of the forest has lost its ability to recover effectively from environmental stress over the period from 2000 to 2024. This decline is attributed to multiple factors, including cyclonic disturbances, rising salinity due to reduced freshwater inflow, and human activities like shrimp farming and deforestation. The weakening resilience threatens biodiversity, including key species, and undermines the ecological stability of this critical mangrove habitat.

Gurugram secured the top position as the most polluted city in India for March 2026, according to the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA). It recorded a high monthly average PM2.5 level of 116 µg/m³, indicating hazardous air quality conditions. Haryana had a significant presence in the rankings, contributing several cities among the most polluted. The findings emphasise the ongoing challenges of air pollution in urban and industrial regions. Efforts under the National Clean Air Programme aim to reduce particulate matter levels, but the data highlight the need for stronger implementation and monitoring measures.

The Biological Diversity Act was enacted in 2002 to conserve India’s rich biodiversity, promote sustainable use of its components, and ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of biological resources. The Act provides a legal framework for protecting biological diversity and associated knowledge. It led to the establishment of institutions like the National Biodiversity Authority, which plays a key role in regulating access to biological resources and advising the government. The Act also mandates proper documentation and preservation of newly discovered species through designated repositories.

In the 2025 World Air Quality Report released by IQAir, India was ranked as the 6th most polluted country globally. The rankings were determined based on PM2.5 data collected from thousands of monitoring stations across numerous countries. Countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Tajikistan ranked higher in pollution levels. The report also highlighted that only a small percentage of countries met the World Health Organisation’s recommended air quality standards. India’s position reflects ongoing environmental challenges, particularly in urban areas, where pollution continues to impact public health and quality of life significantly.