Current Affairs - Environment

Typhoon Kalmaegi, locally called Tino, struck the Philippines in early November 2025 with powerful winds reaching 205 km/h, devastating the Visayas region. The typhoon triggered floods, landslides, and 3-meter storm surges, heavily damaging provinces such as Cebu, Leyte, Samar, and Negros Occidental. At least 26 people lost their lives, primarily in Cebu, and hundreds of thousands were displaced as homes, infrastructure, and power systems were destroyed. The event underscored the Philippines’ continued vulnerability to intense tropical cyclones fueled by climate change and highlighted the urgent need for resilient infrastructure and disaster preparedness across coastal communities.

Uttarakhand will introduce a green tax from December 2025 on all vehicles entering from other states to safeguard its fragile Himalayan environment. The initiative aims to reduce vehicular emissions, discourage unnecessary traffic in eco-sensitive hill areas, and promote sustainable tourism. The tax collection will be fully automated through Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras at 37 entry points, ensuring transparency and efficiency. By integrating digital governance and environmental protection, Uttarakhand becomes one of the first states to adopt a real-time, technology-driven system for ecological conservation and pollution control in hill regions.

Cyclone Montha, forming over the southeast Bay of Bengal, has put Andhra Pradesh on high alert due to forecasts of heavy to very heavy rainfall and strong winds. The cyclone is expected to make landfall near Kakinada, between Machilipatnam and Kalingapatnam. In response, the state government has intensified its preparedness measures to minimize potential damage and ensure public safety. Cyclone Montha’s movement underscores the importance of disaster management systems and early warning mechanisms in mitigating the impact of severe weather events along India’s eastern coastline.

India’s first DNA-based elephant census conducted under the All-India Synchronous Elephant Estimation (SAIEE) 2025 recorded an 18% decline in the wild elephant population. The latest estimate shows 22,446 elephants, a decrease from 27,312 in 2017. This scientific census, carried out by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in collaboration with Project Elephant and the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), provides more accurate data for wildlife management. The findings highlight growing concerns over habitat loss, human-elephant conflict, and the urgent need for enhanced conservation measures across India’s elephant ranges.

The Delhi government has designated approximately 41 square kilometres of the Southern Ridge area in New Delhi as a reserved forest. This significant environmental step aims to combat rising pollution levels and preserve the city’s ecological balance. By protecting the Ridge — one of the last remaining natural green zones in the capital — the initiative focuses on improving air quality, maintaining soil fertility, and enhancing biodiversity. The government also plans to plant indigenous tree species in these areas, reinforcing New Delhi’s commitment to sustainable urban development and long-term environmental conservation.