Current Affairs - Environment

The Greater Flamingo is the focal species of conservation in Tamil Nadu's newly declared Dhanushkodi Sanctuary (524.7 hectares). Announced on World Environment Day 2025, this sanctuary safeguards critical habitats for these migratory birds within the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve. The area hosts over 10,700 wetland birds along the Central Asian Flyway, emphasizing India’s commitment to international biodiversity agreements. The move also aims to balance ecotourism and local livelihoods while preserving mangroves, mudflats, and sand dunes that sustain flamingo populations.

Mount Etna is located in Sicily, a region in southern Italy. It is renowned as Europe’s most active volcano and has been erupting for thousands of years. With a history of eruptions documented over at least 2,700 years, it holds one of the world’s longest records of volcanic activity. As a UNESCO World Heritage site, Mount Etna is not only a geological landmark but also a cultural and historical symbol for the region. The frequent eruptions and continuous volcanic activity make it a notable feature of Italy’s natural landscape.

The lion population has seen a substantial increase over a five-year period, with a reported rise of 32% from 2020 to 2025, reaching a total of 891 individuals. This percentage reflects the effectiveness of conservation efforts and habitat management in the region. It's important to distinguish this from other statistics, such as the 27% increase in adult females and the 16.67% increase in territorial range, which relate to different aspects of lion population dynamics.

The 2025 World Hydrogen Summit was held in the Netherlands, specifically in Rotterdam, a key global hub for energy and shipping. India used this international forum to showcase its National Green Hydrogen Mission, aiming to boost green hydrogen production capacity by 2030. The event focused on advancing clean energy technologies and fostering global cooperation on hydrogen. India’s initiatives, including certification schemes and the development of green hydrogen hubs at major ports, reflect its commitment to sustainable energy. The Netherlands, known for its strong emphasis on renewable energy and innovation, was a fitting host for this summit.

The Yala Glacier, located in Langtang, Nepal, has officially been declared "dead" following decades of rapid retreat caused by global warming. This glacier, a crucial site for glaciological research and training in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region, has lost 66% of its mass since the 1970s and receded by 784 meters. A memorial ceremony was held on May 12, 2025, with participation from scientists, monks, and locals from Nepal and neighbouring countries. The event highlights the accelerating impacts of climate change on Himalayan glaciers and their vital role in regional water security and ecological balance.