Current Affairs - International

India and Oman have signed an Executive Programme of Cooperation (EPC) for the years 2025-2028 to strengthen their collaboration in the field of archives. This agreement is intended to enhance historical ties and promote future cooperation between the National Archives of India and the National Records and Archives Authority of Oman. Such initiatives help in preserving shared history and cultural heritage, further solidifying diplomatic relations between the two nations.

India and Nicaragua have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to implement Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) aimed at enhancing physical and social infrastructure. India will provide grant assistance for projects focusing on roads, community centres, education, and sanitation, ensuring direct benefits to Nicaraguan communities. This collaboration, formalized in Managua, strengthens diplomatic ties between the two nations. India’s approach to QIPs aligns with its broader development cooperation strategy, which prioritizes high-impact, small-scale projects that bring rapid and visible change to partner countries, fostering stronger bilateral relations.

Singapore holds the title of the world's most powerful passport in 2025, allowing visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 193 countries. It surpasses South Korea and Japan, which are tied in second place with access to 190 nations. The United Arab Emirates made significant progress, reaching 8th place, while the United States dropped to 9th. Venezuela experienced the steepest decline, falling from 2nd place in 2015 to 44th in 2025. Meanwhile, India ranked 80th with access to 56 countries, and Pakistan ranked 96th, placing near the bottom of the list.

Bangladesh launched "Operation Devil Hunt" to address political violence and unrest, resulting in the arrest of over 1,300 individuals. The operation was initiated following violent attacks on properties linked to former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s family and her political party. Joint forces, including the army and police, have been deployed across the country to restore order and prevent further disturbances. The crackdown aims to control mobs and political factions responsible for escalating tensions, ensuring stability and security in Bangladesh amidst rising political turmoil.

Nepal and France have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the HydroNepal Project, focusing on digitizing Nepal’s river basins and optimizing hydropower resources. The agreement was signed by Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) Managing Director Kul Man Ghising and Blue Water Intelligence (BWI) CEO Jeremy Fain, with the French Ambassador to Nepal, Virginie Corteval, also present. The project aims to enhance Nepal’s hydrological risk preparedness and improve sustainable water management. This collaboration highlights France’s support in advancing Nepal’s renewable energy sector and ensuring efficient hydropower utilization.