Current Affairs - Environment

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has reported that 2024 is on track to be the hottest year on record, with global temperatures averaging 1.54°C above pre-industrial levels from January to September. This increase is largely driven by the El Niño phenomenon, which has amplified the effects of climate change. Although this temporary breach of the 1.5°C threshold does not necessarily mean failure to meet the Paris Agreement goal, it underscores the urgent need for decisive climate action to mitigate severe impacts and maintain a safe global temperature.

The World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) report reveals a concerning 10% surge in greenhouse gas levels over the past two decades. This significant increase is primarily attributed to human activities such as fossil fuel combustion and cement production. The report highlights record-high levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, underscoring their impact on climate change. Carbon dioxide remains the dominant greenhouse gas, responsible for approximately 64% of the anthropogenic warming effect. The WMO's findings emphasize the urgent need for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change.

Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) is a hardy, drought-tolerant crop with high yield potential. It is widely cultivated in India, particularly in Madhya Pradesh. However, it is also associated with mycotoxins, specifically Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), which can cause Kodo poisoning. This condition affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems, with symptoms including vomiting, giddiness, and unconsciousness. The potential link between Kodo millet and elephant deaths in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve highlights the importance of monitoring crop safety and addressing environmental factors contributing to mycotoxin production.

The Himalayan region has witnessed significant changes due to climate change, leading to an expansion of glacial lakes. Between 2011 and 2024, these lakes saw a notable increase of 10.81% in area. This expansion is alarming and has critical implications for the environment and local ecosystems. The increase varies across regions, with some areas like Ladakh, Himachal, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal experiencing more substantial growth. Understanding this trend is vital for addressing climate change's impact on fragile ecosystems and mitigating potential risks associated with glacial lake expansion.

Nepal has made significant strides in renewable energy and carbon trading, generating ₹4.75 billion from eight projects since 2011. The country aims to substantially increase its renewable energy capacity to 28,500 MW by 2035. Nepal's commitment to sustainability is further underscored by its participation in APEC's initiatives, including the development of micro-hydropower projects and expanding renewable energy access to millions of households. This proactive approach demonstrates Nepal's dedication to reducing its carbon footprint and promoting eco-friendly development.