Current Affairs - Environment

The Indian government is preparing to implement the CAFE-III and CAFE-IV norms over a ten-year period from 2027 to 2037. These norms are part of a broader push to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce CO₂ emissions across all passenger vehicles under 3,500 kg, including those powered by petrol, diesel, LPG, CNG, hybrids, and electric powertrains. CAFE, which stands for Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency, was introduced in 2017 by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency under the Ministry of Power. The target year 2037 marks the end of this regulatory roadmap aimed at ensuring cleaner and more energy-efficient transportation in India.

India’s first Aqua Tech Park was inaugurated in Sonapur, near Guwahati, Assam, by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma. The park aims to introduce advanced fish farming technologies such as aquaponics and biofloc systems to boost fish production and increase farmers' income. Set up by the NGO Kolong Kopili in collaboration with NABARD, ICAR-CIFA, Selco Foundation, and the Fishery Department, the park is designed to modernise aquaculture in Assam. Despite being rich in water resources, Assam has traditionally relied on other states for fish. This park will empower local farmers and youth by offering training and creating employment opportunities in the fisheries sector.

India has committed to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by the year 2070. This long-term environmental goal is backed by various initiatives, including the newly launched electric truck incentive scheme under the PM E-DRIVE programme. Introduced on July 12, 2025, this scheme supports eco-friendly freight movement by offering up to ₹9.6 lakh in subsidies per electric truck, thereby encouraging adoption in high-emission sectors like logistics, cement, and steel. The move is designed to reduce the carbon footprint of heavy-duty transportation, which currently contributes a significant portion of greenhouse gas emissions in India.

Vatsala, Asia’s oldest elephant, passed away at over 100 years of age in the Panna Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, on July 8, 2025. Originally from the Nilambur forests of Kerala, she was relocated to Madhya Pradesh in the 1970s and became a central figure in tiger tracking and forest patrol at Panna National Park. Even after retirement in 2003, she remained active in conservation efforts by mentoring younger elephants. Panna Tiger Reserve, known for its success in tiger reintroduction after facing extinction from poaching, gained further prominence through Vatsala’s iconic presence and contribution to wildlife conservation in the region.

Beginning July 1, 2025, New Delhi will enforce a ban on the refuelling of petrol vehicles older than 15 years and diesel vehicles older than 10 years. This regulation is part of a broader strategy to improve air quality in the capital city. The Delhi government has implemented Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) requiring petrol pumps to log all instances where fuel is denied to such outdated vehicles. The initiative is aimed at reducing vehicular emissions, which contribute significantly to air pollution levels, and ensuring that only environmentally compliant vehicles are allowed access to fuel in the city.