Current Affairs - Environment

Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) is a hardy, drought-tolerant crop with high yield potential. It is widely cultivated in India, particularly in Madhya Pradesh. However, it is also associated with mycotoxins, specifically Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), which can cause Kodo poisoning. This condition affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems, with symptoms including vomiting, giddiness, and unconsciousness. The potential link between Kodo millet and elephant deaths in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve highlights the importance of monitoring crop safety and addressing environmental factors contributing to mycotoxin production.

The Himalayan region has witnessed significant changes due to climate change, leading to an expansion of glacial lakes. Between 2011 and 2024, these lakes saw a notable increase of 10.81% in area. This expansion is alarming and has critical implications for the environment and local ecosystems. The increase varies across regions, with some areas like Ladakh, Himachal, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal experiencing more substantial growth. Understanding this trend is vital for addressing climate change's impact on fragile ecosystems and mitigating potential risks associated with glacial lake expansion.

Nepal has made significant strides in renewable energy and carbon trading, generating ₹4.75 billion from eight projects since 2011. The country aims to substantially increase its renewable energy capacity to 28,500 MW by 2035. Nepal's commitment to sustainability is further underscored by its participation in APEC's initiatives, including the development of micro-hydropower projects and expanding renewable energy access to millions of households. This proactive approach demonstrates Nepal's dedication to reducing its carbon footprint and promoting eco-friendly development.

Lahore, located in Pakistan's Punjab province, was recently recorded as the most polluted city globally, with an Air Quality Index (AQI) of 708. Its PM2.5 levels reached 431 µg/m³, which is 86 times higher than the World Health Organization's recommended annual limit. Factors contributing to this severe pollution include vehicle emissions, ageing industrial infrastructure, and insufficient environmental regulations. This alarming pollution level poses significant health risks to residents, emphasizing the urgent need for effective environmental policies and practices in the region.

Cyclonic storm 'Dana' is forecasted to hit Odisha's coast, prompting evacuation preparations for residents in vulnerable low-lying areas. With predicted wind speeds of 120 km/h, 'Dana' poses a significant threat. The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) tracks its progression, anticipating intensification from a low-pressure area to a cyclonic storm. Effective evacuation plans are crucial to minimize damage and ensure public safety. Authorities closely monitor 'Dana's' movement, warning citizens of potential risks and necessary precautions.