Current Affairs - Environment

The Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region witnessed a significant environmental change with a 27% decline in snow persistence during the winter season of November 2025 to March 2026. This marks the fourth consecutive year of declining snow levels, highlighting a worrying trend linked to climate change. Reduced snow persistence affects water availability as it lowers early summer river flows, which are crucial for agriculture, hydropower, and drinking water supply. The decline also increases dependence on groundwater and raises drought risks in several basins. This situation underscores the urgent need for climate adaptation and sustainable water management strategies.

A global study published in May 2026 highlights the severe impact of climate change on biodiversity, projecting that 36% of terrestrial vertebrate habitats will be affected by extreme weather events by 2085. The research covered thousands of species across multiple ecosystems and revealed that rising temperatures, heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, and floods will increasingly overlap, intensifying risks to wildlife. Regions like the Amazon Basin, Africa, and Southeast Asia are particularly vulnerable. Amphibians are expected to face the highest level of exposure. These findings emphasise the urgent need for climate action and biodiversity conservation strategies worldwide.

Shekha Jheel Bird Sanctuary, located in Aligarh, has been recognised as India’s 99th Ramsar site, highlighting its ecological significance. This designation strengthens wetland conservation efforts and underscores the importance of preserving biodiversity. With this addition, Uttar Pradesh now has a total of 12 Ramsar sites, making it a leading state in wetland conservation. Ramsar sites are wetlands of international importance, providing habitats for migratory birds and supporting ecological balance. The inclusion of Shekha Jheel also contributes to climate regulation, groundwater recharge, and promotes eco-tourism and local livelihoods.

The newly identified snake species, Calamaria garoensis, was discovered in the West Garo Hills region, a biodiversity-rich area known for its dense forests and ecological significance. This species was earlier misclassified but later recognised as distinct through detailed taxonomic research. The discovery highlights the rich herpetofaunal diversity of Northeast India, particularly within the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. Meghalaya, with its unique terrain and ecosystems, continues to be a crucial region for biological discoveries, contributing significantly to scientific understanding and conservation of lesser-known reptile species.

A recent research study published in April 2026 highlights a concerning decline in the resilience of the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. It estimates that around 10-15% of the forest has lost its ability to recover effectively from environmental stress over the period from 2000 to 2024. This decline is attributed to multiple factors, including cyclonic disturbances, rising salinity due to reduced freshwater inflow, and human activities like shrimp farming and deforestation. The weakening resilience threatens biodiversity, including key species, and undermines the ecological stability of this critical mangrove habitat.