Current Affairs - Bills and Acts

The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, commonly known as AFSPA, was enacted in 1958 to address the escalating internal security challenges in the northeastern states of India. The Act grants extraordinary powers to the armed forces in areas declared as “disturbed,” including the authority to use force, arrest without a warrant, and conduct searches. Its purpose was to provide legal backing to military operations where civil administration struggled to maintain order. The act also includes legal immunity provisions, requiring prior Central Government approval before prosecution of armed personnel. Over time, AFSPA has been extended to various conflict-affected regions, often sparking debates over human rights.

The Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024 aims to amend the Disaster Management Act, which was originally enacted in 2005. This act laid the foundation for disaster preparedness, response, and mitigation in India, including the establishment of key bodies like the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs). The amendments are designed to enhance disaster governance, improve risk assessment strategies, and strengthen regulatory powers, ensuring a more effective and resilient response to natural and man-made disasters.

The Immigration and Nationality Act, passed in 1952, plays a significant role in U.S. immigration law. It allows the deportation of non-citizens for supporting designated terrorist organizations. This act has influenced legal precedents regarding non-citizens' rights, especially in matters concerning national security and public policy. It also has been a subject of debate, as certain provisions, such as Section 212(a)(3)(C), allow deportation based on actions that adversely affect foreign policy, which has been criticized as vague and subject to misuse.

The Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Act, of 1948, is a crucial legislation that regulates the oil and gas sector in India. The Bill aims to amend this Act to delink petroleum from mining operations, ensure lease stability, and decriminalize certain offences. This amendment is expected to attract foreign investments and provide regulatory clarity, but critics argue that it lacks a long-term vision for energy security and domestic exploration incentives.

India's Patents Act, of 1970, includes Section 3(d), which was designed to prevent the evergreening of patents. Evergreening refers to the practice of making slight modifications to existing drugs to extend their patent life, thus hindering the production of generic versions. The introduction of this section has been a key policy to protect the generic pharmaceutical industry in India, making medications more affordable and available, especially in the global market.