Verbal Reasoning - Syllogism - Discussion
Discussion Forum : Syllogism - Syllogism 1 (Q.No. 5)
Directions to Solve
In each of the following questions two statements are given and these statements are followed by two conclusions numbered (1) and (2). You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Give answer:
- (A) If only (1) conclusion follows
- (B) If only (2) conclusion follows
- (C) If either (1) or (2) follows
- (D) If neither (1) nor (2) follows and
- (E) If both (1) and (2) follow.
5.
Statements: Some papers are pens. All the pencils are pens.
Conclusions:
- Some pens are pencils.
- Some pens are papers.
Answer: Option
Explanation:
Discussion:
63 comments Page 2 of 7.
Grazielle Samara said:
5 years ago
Some pens are pencils - CORRECT cause we know that ALL Pencils are Pens( Pencil are all inside Pens).
Some pens are papers- WE CAN NOT AFFIRM THIS. Since as the figure shows, the pencil can be OR NOT in the middle. The only thing we can ensure is that Pencil is inside Pens. Nothing less
So, in my opinion, the answer A is correct: Only 1 follows.
Some pens are papers- WE CAN NOT AFFIRM THIS. Since as the figure shows, the pencil can be OR NOT in the middle. The only thing we can ensure is that Pencil is inside Pens. Nothing less
So, in my opinion, the answer A is correct: Only 1 follows.
(2)
Dr. E Rajeevan said:
1 decade ago
1. "Some pens are pencils" cannot follow since in the syllogism, the middle term (pen)is not distributed. This is shown by the fig.1 given. in deductive arguments conclusions that are ceratain can only be considered.
2. "Some pens are papers" follows from "Some papers are pens" using the rule of conversion.
Hence the ansswer is B; "Only (2) conclusion follows"
If possible, use Venn diagrams or Syllogistic rules to solve such problems.
The diagrams of the type given above may not exhaust all possibilities and hence can be erroneous.
Even in using such diagrams, look for the possibility of rejecting the conclusion rather than accepting it. If there is any possibility to reject, reject it.
In addition, one may use the rules of opposition (contradictory, contrary, sub-contrary and sub-alternation) and eduction such as conversion obversion contraposition and inversion to attempt all such problems.
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1. "Some pens are pencils" cannot follow since in the syllogism, the middle term is not distributed. This is shown by the fig.1 given. In deductive arguments conclusions that are certain can only be considered.
2. "Some pens are papers" follows using the rule of conversion from "Some papers are pens".
Hence the answer is B "Only (2) conclusion follows"
Dr. E Rajeevan
e_r(at)rediffmail.com
2. "Some pens are papers" follows from "Some papers are pens" using the rule of conversion.
Hence the ansswer is B; "Only (2) conclusion follows"
If possible, use Venn diagrams or Syllogistic rules to solve such problems.
The diagrams of the type given above may not exhaust all possibilities and hence can be erroneous.
Even in using such diagrams, look for the possibility of rejecting the conclusion rather than accepting it. If there is any possibility to reject, reject it.
In addition, one may use the rules of opposition (contradictory, contrary, sub-contrary and sub-alternation) and eduction such as conversion obversion contraposition and inversion to attempt all such problems.
-----------
1. "Some pens are pencils" cannot follow since in the syllogism, the middle term is not distributed. This is shown by the fig.1 given. In deductive arguments conclusions that are certain can only be considered.
2. "Some pens are papers" follows using the rule of conversion from "Some papers are pens".
Hence the answer is B "Only (2) conclusion follows"
Dr. E Rajeevan
e_r(at)rediffmail.com
(2)
Pushpanjali S said:
7 years ago
Middle term is not distributed so neither 1 or 2 follows.
(1)
Shouvik said:
9 years ago
@Anvita.
We are missing another fact that we check for distribution for the middle term only if a Conclusion is derived from the two statements! Since here both the conclusions are independently derived from a single statement, there is no reason for why should we look for middle term distribution. Accordingly, both statements follow here, so correct Option comes out to be E applying all the Aristotle's Rules. Thanks.
We are missing another fact that we check for distribution for the middle term only if a Conclusion is derived from the two statements! Since here both the conclusions are independently derived from a single statement, there is no reason for why should we look for middle term distribution. Accordingly, both statements follow here, so correct Option comes out to be E applying all the Aristotle's Rules. Thanks.
(1)
Swetha said:
1 decade ago
Please help me in tick and cross method I was totally confused by all this methods.
Ashu said:
10 years ago
Answer should be D. As middle term is not distributed.
Amar deep kunjan said:
9 years ago
Yes, option E is correct by Venn diagram.
Vinith paul said:
9 years ago
How it comes? Please explain me.
Divya Kunju said:
9 years ago
I think here they mentioned some papers are pens. But not some pens are papers. So only conclusion (i) follows.
DINESH SINGH said:
9 years ago
According to figure it looks correct but when we think from formula point of view,
Some papers are pen.
All the pencil are pen.
There will be vertical cancellation so we count All + Some = No conclusion.
Is there anyone who can clear my doubt?
Some papers are pen.
All the pencil are pen.
There will be vertical cancellation so we count All + Some = No conclusion.
Is there anyone who can clear my doubt?
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