Java Programming - Language Fundamentals

Exercise : Language Fundamentals - Finding the output
1.
What will be the output of the program?
public class CommandArgsThree 
{
    public static void main(String [] args) 
    {
        String [][] argCopy = new String[2][2];
        int x;
        argCopy[0] = args;
        x = argCopy[0].length;
        for (int y = 0; y < x; y++) 
        {
            System.out.print(" " + argCopy[0][y]);
        }
    }
}

and the command-line invocation is

> java CommandArgsThree 1 2 3

0 0
1 2
0 0 0
1 2 3
Answer: Option
Explanation:
In argCopy[0] = args;, the reference variable argCopy[0], which was referring to an array with two elements, is reassigned to an array (args) with three elements.

2.
What will be the output of the program?
public class CommandArgs 
{
    public static void main(String [] args) 
    {
        String s1 = args[1];
        String s2 = args[2];
        String s3 = args[3];
        String s4 = args[4];
        System.out.print(" args[2] = " + s2);
    }
}

and the command-line invocation is

> java CommandArgs 1 2 3 4

args[2] = 2
args[2] = 3
args[2] = null
An exception is thrown at runtime.
Answer: Option
Explanation:

An exception is thrown because in the code String s4 = args[4];, the array index (the fifth element) is out of bounds. The exception thrown is the cleverly named ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.


3.
public class F0091 
{    
    public void main( String[] args ) 
    {  
        System.out.println( "Hello" + args[0] ); 
    } 
}

What will be the output of the program, if this code is executed with the command line:

> java F0091 world

Hello
Hello Foo91
Hello world
The code does not run.
Answer: Option
Explanation:

Option D is correct. A runtime error will occur owning to the main method of the code fragment not being declared static:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: main

The Java Language Specification clearly states: "The main method must be declared public, static, and void. It must accept a single argument that is an array of strings."


4.
What will be the output of the program?

public class TestDogs 
{
    public static void main(String [] args) 
    {
        Dog [][] theDogs = new Dog[3][];
        System.out.println(theDogs[2][0].toString());
    }
}
class Dog { }
null
theDogs
Compilation fails
An exception is thrown at runtime
Answer: Option
Explanation:

The second dimension of the array referenced by theDogs has not been initialized. Attempting to access an uninitialized object element (System.out.println(theDogs[2][0].toString());) raises a NullPointerException.


5.
What will be the output of the program ?
public class Test 
{
    public static void main(String [] args) 
    {
        signed int x = 10;
        for (int y=0; y<5; y++, x--)
            System.out.print(x + ", ");
    }
}
10, 9, 8, 7, 6,
9, 8, 7, 6, 5,
Compilation fails.
An exception is thrown at runtime.
Answer: Option
Explanation:

The word "signed" is not a valid modifier keyword in the Java language. All number primitives in Java are signed. Hence the Compilation will fails.