Current Affairs - International

France hosted the 3rd United Nations Oceans Conference (UNOC), which concentrated on advancing marine biodiversity protection beyond national jurisdictions through the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Treaty. Also called the High Seas Treaty, this agreement is vital for safeguarding biodiversity in international waters, which constitute around two-thirds of the ocean surface. France is among the 56 nations that have ratified the treaty, supporting key measures like the creation of marine protected areas, mandatory environmental impact assessments, and equitable access to marine genetic resources. Hosting the conference reflects France’s commitment to global marine conservation and international environmental leadership.

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Lenacapavir, a groundbreaking long-acting HIV prevention injection developed by Gilead Sciences. Branded as Yeztugo, this medication is administered only twice a year and demonstrated an impressive 99.9% effectiveness in Phase 3 clinical trials. The approval marks a significant advancement in the field of HIV prevention, offering a more convenient and stigma-reducing alternative to daily pills or bimonthly injections. With this development, the U.S. becomes a frontrunner in adopting innovative biomedical tools aimed at improving public health outcomes and expanding access to long-term HIV prophylaxis options.

The 78th World Health Assembly marked a historic shift by formally recognizing skin health as a global public health priority. This move was significant in transforming the perception of skin conditions from cosmetic issues to matters of public health, equity, and dignity. The resolution, led by countries including Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, and Togo, highlights the need for comprehensive strategies including prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment. With nearly 1.9 billion people affected globally—especially in low- and middle-income countries—this decision has laid the foundation for a Global Action Plan to be developed by WHA-80, focusing on integrated care, research, and accessibility.

India is set to export its first indigenously manufactured locomotive to the Republic of Guinea, marking a significant step in the country's global trade ambitions and engineering capabilities. The initiative, launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on June 20, 2025, from Bihar’s Marhowrah rail factory, is part of a ₹3,000 crore agreement to supply 150 locomotives over three years. These locomotives will support Guinea’s SimFer Simandou iron ore project, one of Africa’s largest mining ventures. The export showcases India's engineering excellence and commitment to the Atmanirbhar Bharat mission, while also strengthening India-Africa economic ties in the infrastructure and technology sectors.

India and Canada have mutually agreed to restore their High Commissioners following a diplomatic strain that lasted for two years. This decision reflects a significant step forward in reviving bilateral ties. The development took place during a meeting between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Canada's newly elected Prime Minister Mark Carney on the sidelines of the G7 outreach session. Alongside this diplomatic restoration, both countries also discussed the resumption of trade agreement talks, visa services, and broader dialogue mechanisms. These efforts indicate a move towards rebuilding trust and re-engaging on key bilateral and global issues.