Current Affairs - International

India is set to export its first indigenously manufactured locomotive to the Republic of Guinea, marking a significant step in the country's global trade ambitions and engineering capabilities. The initiative, launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on June 20, 2025, from Bihar’s Marhowrah rail factory, is part of a ₹3,000 crore agreement to supply 150 locomotives over three years. These locomotives will support Guinea’s SimFer Simandou iron ore project, one of Africa’s largest mining ventures. The export showcases India's engineering excellence and commitment to the Atmanirbhar Bharat mission, while also strengthening India-Africa economic ties in the infrastructure and technology sectors.

India and Canada have mutually agreed to restore their High Commissioners following a diplomatic strain that lasted for two years. This decision reflects a significant step forward in reviving bilateral ties. The development took place during a meeting between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Canada's newly elected Prime Minister Mark Carney on the sidelines of the G7 outreach session. Alongside this diplomatic restoration, both countries also discussed the resumption of trade agreement talks, visa services, and broader dialogue mechanisms. These efforts indicate a move towards rebuilding trust and re-engaging on key bilateral and global issues.

On June 18, 2025, India and Ukraine held their first-ever Joint Working Group (JWG) meeting on agriculture cooperation via virtual mode. This meeting marked a significant milestone in strengthening bilateral ties in the agricultural sector. The dialogue focused on key areas such as digital agriculture, mechanisation, plant breeding, and food processing. Indian officials highlighted the country’s innovations like e-NAM and climate-resilient farming strategies, while Ukraine showed strong interest in collaborative research and technology exchange. This strategic engagement reflects both nations’ commitment to advancing food security, sustainable farming practices, and agricultural technology partnerships at a global level.

India ranked 71st in the World Economic Forum’s Energy Transition Index 2025, a drop from its 63rd position in 2024. This decline occurred despite India’s advances in clean energy access, energy efficiency, and regulatory frameworks. The Index evaluates 118 countries on energy security, sustainability, and equity, and India's lower score reflects persistent challenges like fuel dependency and grid reliability, especially in rural areas. However, the nation continues to invest in clean fuels and reduce energy intensity, positioning itself as a major player in the global energy shift. The drop underscores the complex balance between development and sustainability.

The 51st G7 Summit in 2025 was hosted by Canada, specifically in the mountain resort town of Kananaskis, located in Banff, Alberta. Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney led the summit as the host. The event brought together the leaders of the G7 nations to address pressing global concerns, including economic realignments, energy transition, artificial intelligence governance, and ongoing geopolitical tensions such as the Israel–Iran conflict. Canada also launched initiatives like the Ministry of AI and Digital Innovation, reflecting its commitment to global digital leadership. Hosting the summit underscored Canada’s central role in shaping international policy discussions.