Current Affairs - International

Kazakhstan is poised to become the newest member of the Abraham Accords, a U.S.-brokered framework that normalizes relations between Israel and Muslim-majority nations. Announced by U.S. President Donald Trump on November 6, 2025, this development expands the accords’ influence beyond the Arab world into Central Asia. Kazakhstan’s entry signifies its intent to strengthen diplomatic, economic, and security ties with Israel and other signatories. The move aligns with its foreign policy of dialogue and regional stability, while also advancing the U.S. strategy of deepening engagement with Central Asian nations traditionally within Russia and China’s spheres of influence.

According to the UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2025, titled Off Target, India registered the highest absolute increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during 2023–24, amounting to 165 million tonnes. Despite this rise, India continues to maintain one of the lowest per capita emissions among major global economies. The report highlights that the G20 nations collectively saw an emissions increase of 22 million tonnes in the same period. With the world projected to warm by 2.8°C—far exceeding the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C goal—India faces growing pressure ahead of the COP30 climate summit to adopt stronger mitigation measures.

India exported 12 metric tonnes of fortified rice kernels (FRK) from Chhattisgarh to Costa Rica, marking a milestone in nutrition-oriented trade and global food diplomacy. Facilitated by APEDA, this initiative highlights India’s growing role in promoting food fortification technology and combating micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. Fortified rice, enriched with iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12, is already used domestically under the Poshan Abhiyan. This export strengthens Chhattisgarh’s reputation as the “Rice Bowl of India,” while aligning with India’s goal to merge agricultural innovation with global health and trade initiatives, enhancing both economic and diplomatic engagement.

India signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Israel during the 17th Joint Working Group (JWG) on Defence Cooperation held in Tel Aviv to deepen strategic collaboration. The agreement focuses on co-development, co-production, advanced technology exchange, and counter-terrorism cooperation. It reinforces the two nations’ long-standing defence partnership, which has evolved through decades of shared security priorities and technological exchange. The MoU aligns with India’s Atmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliance) vision in defence manufacturing and supports the mutual goal of building a more secure and innovation-driven defence ecosystem between India and Israel.

Russia launched the nuclear-powered submarine “Khabarovsk” on November 1 at the Sevmash shipyard in Severodvinsk. The submarine is designed to carry the Poseidon Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV)—a nuclear-powered torpedo capable of traveling thousands of kilometers and reportedly carrying a warhead with a yield of about 2 megatons. Poseidon’s potential to generate large-scale radioactive tsunamis and its stealthy underwater deployment make it a key component of Russia’s strategic deterrence. The launch significantly extends Russia’s naval strike and deterrence capabilities while intensifying global security and stability concerns in maritime domains.