Current Affairs - International

India took a significant step toward industrial decarbonization by launching its first cluster of five Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) testbeds focused on the cement sector, one of the most carbon-intensive industries. Initiated by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) on National Technology Day 2025, this project aligns with India’s broader climate goals, including achieving Net Zero emissions by 2070. By integrating academia and industry through a Public-Private Partnership model, the initiative aims to develop scalable, indigenous solutions for capturing and repurposing CO₂. This bold move highlights India’s proactive approach in leveraging technology to meet its climate commitments and foster sustainable growth.

The United States signed a historic $142 billion arms deal with Saudi Arabia during President Donald Trump's official visit to Riyadh in May 2025. This agreement is recognized as the largest defence sales pact ever, encompassing advanced weapons systems, air-to-air missiles, radar technologies, and commercial exports such as gas turbines. The deal aims to significantly bolster Saudi Arabia’s defence capabilities amid rising regional tensions, especially concerning Iran. It also reflects Trump’s strategic efforts to strengthen ties with Gulf allies, stimulate American defence manufacturing, and reinforce U.S. influence in the Middle East. The agreement underscores a broader agenda of regional security and economic cooperation.

Bhutan has become the first country globally to officially integrate cryptocurrency payments into its national tourism sector. Launched in May 2025 through a collaboration with Binance Pay and DK Bank, the initiative allows international tourists to pay for a range of services — including flights, accommodations, visas, monument entries, and shopping — using over 100 cryptocurrencies. This system uses QR code-based transactions and aims to promote seamless, cashless travel. The move also supports financial inclusion, particularly in rural areas, and reduces reliance on traditional foreign exchange systems. Bhutan’s pioneering approach sets a benchmark in the fusion of blockchain technology with sustainable tourism.

Israel has initiated a major strategic move by launching its National Food Security Plan 2050, backed by a significant investment of $710 million to $1.4 billion. This ambitious plan is designed to address multiple challenges, including climate change, labour shortages, and dependency on food imports. Central to the plan are goals like boosting domestic food production, enhancing agri-tech innovation, and diversifying sources of food imports to ensure long-term sustainability and resilience. The initiative demonstrates Israel's proactive approach to securing its food supply for the future while promoting environmentally sustainable practices in agriculture.

On May 12, 2025, the Taliban administration in Afghanistan suspended the game of chess nationwide, citing concerns that it may promote gambling, which is against Sharia law according to their interpretation. This decision is part of a broader trend of increased regulation on recreational activities and cultural expression in Afghanistan under the current regime. Chess, a popular activity in Kabul cafes, was temporarily banned, with the move subject to further review by Islamic scholars. This suspension reflects the Taliban’s stricter approach since regaining control of the country in 2021.