Civil Engineering - Water Supply Engineering - Discussion

Discussion Forum : Water Supply Engineering - Section 4 (Q.No. 32)
32.
Carbonates in water produce
temporary hardness
permanent hardness
acidity
alkanity.
Answer: Option
Explanation:
No answer description is available. Let's discuss.
Discussion:
4 comments Page 1 of 1.

Sainajamsheer said:   1 decade ago
Carbonates and bicarbonates causes temporary hardness.

Nitrates chlorides and sulphates causes permanent hardness.

Heera said:   6 years ago
Temporary hardness : due to bicarbonates of calcium and it is removed by boiling, freezing and by addition of lime.

Permanent hardness : due to chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium. And it is removed by zeolite process.

MJM Gcek said:   4 years ago
I think It's alkalinity.
(1)

Pankaj Pokhrel said:   2 years ago
Without Magnesium or calcium ions, Carbonates cannot cause Hardness but can cause alkalinity, so the answer should have been Alkalinity.

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