Civil Engineering - UPSC Civil Service Exam Questions

Consider the following statements relating to hydraulic gradient line and energy gradient line
1. In the case of a fluid flowing in a pipeline, hydraulic gradient line and energy gradient line may coincide.
2. The line joining the points representing piezometric heads is known as hydraulic gradient line.
3. In the case of ideal fluid, energy gradient line is always horizontal.
4. Hydraulic gradient line has a downward slope in the case of flow through pipes.
Of these statements :

An open cylindrical vessel with axis vertical and filled with a liquid is falling freely with an acceleration What will be the absolute pressure at the base of the vessel ?

Dechlorination of water is achieved by adding

On which of the following is the working principle of concrete hammer for non-destructive test based ?

Given for a soil sample :
Degree of saturation = 90%
Specific gravity of soil grains = 2.70
Void ratio = 0.30
The water content of the sample is