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Logical Reasoning - Logical Deduction

Exercise : Logical Deduction - Section 1
Directions to Solve

In each question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.

Give answer:

  • (A) If only conclusion I follows
  • (B) If only conclusion II follows
  • (C) If either I or II follows
  • (D) If neither I nor II follows and
  • (E) If both I and II follow.

16.

Statements: All good athletes win. All good athletes eat well.

Conclusions:

  1. All those who eat well are good athletes.
  2. All those who win eat well.
Only conclusion I follows
Only conclusion II follows
Either I or II follows
Neither I nor II follows
Both I and II follow
Answer: Option
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'good athletes' is distributed twice in the premises, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So it follows that 'Some of those who win, eat well'.
17.

Statements: All film stars are playback singers. All film directors are film stars.

Conclusions:

  1. All film directors are playback singers.
  2. Some film stars are film directors.
Only conclusion I follows
Only conclusion II follows
Either I or II follows
Neither I nor II follows
Both I and II follow
Answer: Option
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. II is the converse of the second premise and so it also holds.
18.

Statements: All hill stations have a sun-set point. X is a hill station.

Conclusions:

  1. X has a sun-set point.
  2. Places other than hill stations do not have sun-set points.
Only conclusion I follows
Only conclusion II follows
Either I or II follows
Neither I nor II follows
Both I and II follow
Answer: Option
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, only I follows.
19.

Statements: Some dreams are nights. Some nights are days.

Conclusions:

  1. All days are either nights or dreams.
  2. Some days are nights.
Only conclusion I follows
Only conclusion II follows
Either I or II follows
Neither I nor II follows
Both I and II follow
Answer: Option
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, II is the converse of the second premise and thus it holds.
20.

Statements: All jungles are tigers. Some tigers are horses.

Conclusions:

  1. Some horses are jungles.
  2. No horse is jungle.
Only conclusion I follows
Only conclusion II follows
Either I or II follows
Neither I nor II follows
Both I and II follow
Answer: Option
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'tigers' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. So, either I or II follows.
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