Java Programming - Declarations and Access Control

Exercise : Declarations and Access Control - Finding the output
1.
What will be the output of the program?
class A 
{
    final public int GetResult(int a, int b) { return 0; } 
} 
class B extends A 
{ 
    public int GetResult(int a, int b) {return 1; } 
} 
public class Test 
{
    public static void main(String args[]) 
    { 
        B b = new B(); 
        System.out.println("x = " + b.GetResult(0, 1));  
    } 
}
x = 0
x = 1
Compilation fails.
An exception is thrown at runtime.
Answer: Option
Explanation:

The code doesn't compile because the method GetResult() in class A is final and so cannot be overridden.


2.
What will be the output of the program?
public class Test 
{  
    public static void main(String args[])
    { 
        class Foo 
        {
            public int i = 3;
        } 
        Object o = (Object)new Foo();
        Foo foo = (Foo)o;
        System.out.println("i = " + foo.i);
    }
}
i = 3
Compilation fails.
i = 5
A ClassCastException will occur.
Answer: Option
Explanation:
No answer description is available. Let's discuss.

3.
What will be the output of the program?
public class A
{ 
    void A() /* Line 3 */
    {
        System.out.println("Class A"); 
    } 
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    { 
        new A(); 
    } 
}
Class A
Compilation fails.
An exception is thrown at line 3.
The code executes with no output.
Answer: Option
Explanation:

Option D is correct. The specification at line 3 is for a method and not a constructor and this method is never called therefore there is no output. The constructor that is called is the default constructor.


4.
What will be the output of the program?
class Super
{ 
    public int i = 0; 

    public Super(String text) /* Line 4 */
    {
        i = 1; 
    } 
} 

class Sub extends Super
{
    public Sub(String text)
    {
        i = 2; 
    } 

    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        Sub sub = new Sub("Hello"); 
        System.out.println(sub.i); 
    } 
}
0
1
2
Compilation fails.
Answer: Option
Explanation:

A default no-args constructor is not created because there is a constructor supplied that has an argument, line 4. Therefore the sub-class constructor must explicitly make a call to the super class constructor:

public Sub(String text)
{ 
    super(text); // this must be the first line constructor 
    i = 2; 
}

5.
What will be the output of the program?
public class Test 
{
    public int aMethod()
    {
        static int i = 0;
        i++;
        return i;
    }
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        Test test = new Test();
        test.aMethod();
        int j = test.aMethod();
        System.out.println(j);
    }
}
0
1
2
Compilation fails.
Answer: Option
Explanation:

Compilation failed because static was an illegal start of expression - method variables do not have a modifier (they are always considered local).