Current Affairs - Economy

India has seen a significant increase in ammonium nitrate (AN) imports from Russia, leading to concerns within its domestic fertiliser industry. Ammonium nitrate is crucial for both agriculture and industries like mining. Cheaper imports from Russia create competitive pressure on Indian companies, which are investing heavily to expand their production capacity. As India relies on imports to meet a substantial portion of its fertiliser needs, including potash, disruptions or shifts in trade patterns can significantly impact domestic markets.

The US Federal Reserve's decision to cut interest rates by 50 basis points marks a strategic shift to balance inflation control with economic growth promotion. This rate cut is the first significant reduction since the Covid-19 pandemic began. By lowering interest rates, the Fed aims to combat inflation while stimulating job creation, as unemployment rose to 4.2% in August 2024. This move is expected to make loans cheaper for individuals and businesses, potentially boosting hiring and economic expansion. The Fed targets a 2% inflation rate, seeking a "soft landing" for the economy.

The Indian government had set a minimum export price (MEP) of USD 550 per tonne for onions to regulate their export. However, to encourage exports and benefit farmers, the government has now removed this threshold, allowing onions to be sold internationally at competitive prices, taking advantage of the global surplus. This move is expected to boost India's onion exports and support farmers in major onion-producing states like Maharashtra.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has revised India's GDP growth forecast for FY2024-25 to 7%, an increase from the previous estimate of 6.8%. This upward revision is attributed to stronger private consumption, especially in rural areas. India's economy is expected to remain robust, solidifying its position as one of the fastest-growing major economies globally, with projected growth continuing into FY2025-26.

Moody’s Ratings has raised India's GDP growth forecast to 7.2% for FY 2024, an increase from the earlier estimate of 6.8%. This revision is attributed to resilient private consumption and improved business conditions in the country. The rating agency also adjusted its 2025 growth projection to 6.6%, reflecting positive economic momentum. Additionally, India recorded a strong 7.8% year-over-year growth in Q1 2024, highlighting the robust performance of its industrial and services sectors.