Civil Engineering - Water Supply Engineering - Discussion

Whats the difference between water hammer, surge, seperation and hydraulic jump? Please give details.

A Surge tank is a water storage device used as a pressure neutralizer in hydropower water conveyance systems in order to dampen excess pressure variance.

Water hammer is caused when water or any type of fluid is in motion is forced to stop or to change its direction then surges are induced and waves propagates in the pipes. For the purpose to reduce effect of water hammer surge tanks or surge drums are provided.

A surge tank (or surge drum) is a standpipe or storage reservoir at the downstream end of a closed aqueduct or feeder or a dam or barrage pipe to absorb sudden rises of pressure, as well as to quickly provide extra water during a brief drop in pressure. In mining technology, ore pulp pumps use a relatively small surge tank to maintain a steady loading on the pump.

For hydroelectric power uses, a surge tank is an additional storage space or reservoir fitted between the main storage reservoir and the power house (as close to the power house as possible). Surge tanks are usually provided in high or medium-head plants when there is a considerable distance between the water source and the power unit, necessitating a long pen stock. The main functions of the surge tank are: 1.

When the load decreases, the water moves backwards and gets stored in it. 2. When the load increases, additional supply of water will be provided by surge tank. In short, the surge tank mitigates pressure variations due to rapid changes in velocity of water.

A rectangular prism is 10 ft long, 6 ft wide, and 5 ft high. What is its volume?

A rectangular prism is nothing but cuboid. So volume= lxbxh = 10x6x5 = 300 cubic feet.

Is the head loss in elbow is lower than bend?

What can you use to seal the plastic pipe connecting to the galvanised pipe?

How many times surge pressure can be felt in respect to working pressure?

Head loss in bend is lesser than elbow. The time taken for bends is shorter than elbow for fluid to rise until 3L. This is because bends will allow fluid to make turn easily rather than elbows will restrict the fluid to move fast.