Civil Engineering - Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering - Discussion

In a non-cohesive soil in the passive state of plastic equilibrium, the correct condition is:

The major principal stress is horizontal.

This scenario is typical for passive earth pressure conditions in soil mechanics, where the soil is resisting lateral movement, and the major principal stress tends to be horizontal (acting along the direction of the wall or structure).
The minor principal stress would then be vertical, which aligns with the gravitational direction.

Thus, the typical stress state is:
- The major principal stress is horizontal.
- TheMinor principal stress is vertical.

Both A and B are correct.

In passive earth pressure, two sets of failure planes are formed each inclined at an angle (45 ÷ 2) to the horizontal plane which is the direction of minor principle plane, as we know minor principle stress acts on minor principle plane so minor principle plane is in a vertical direction.

Deposit variability:

Because of variations in soil types, gradations, particle arrangements, and dry density values, the effective friction angle is rarely uniform with depth. It takes considerable judgment and experience in selecting an effective friction angle.

According to me, A and B both are correct.

Yes, A and B both are right.

A and B both are correct.

Both A and b are correct.

Option C will be correct.

A & B are both right.

How? Explain me, please.