C Programming - Declarations and Initializations - Discussion

@satish-thanks a lot...but why the term linkage is used for this storage classes?

Where do we use this linkages.

What are linkages?

Can static variables be declared before main() ?

//SATHISH explanation was correct!..
int main()
{
printf(" %d",root());
printf(" %d",root());
}

int root()
{
static int i;
i++;
return i;
}

BY DEFAULT ,ANY INTEGER OR STATIC INT VARIABLE VALUE IS ZERO.
BUT WHEN EACH TIME THE FUNCTION WAS CALLED ,THE DIFFERENCE OF NORMAL INT AND STATIC INT CAN BE SEEN.
IF THE "i" HERE IS NORMAL INTEGER IT WILL JUST RETURN ALWAYS VALUE "1" ,EVERY TIME IT IS CALLED .
BUT THE STATIC VARIABLE WILL HOLD PREVIOUS VALUES OF "i".EVERY TIME WHEN THE FUNCTION IS CALLED IT WILL THE PREVIOUS VALUES ARE RESTORED.

We declare already a static varible, in derived class we declare one more same static variable as declared first with different value, and call the previous variable,.......then.....Is the out put of program is first variable's value or secon variale's value...

I will thank full to Satish Narasimman and Prathyusa, who cleared my doubt.

Good explanation pratyusha, thanq so much.

What Prathyusha said is correct. That can be easily understood using this program.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("\n%d",funi());
printf("\n%d",funi());
printf("\n%d",funi());
printf("\n%d",funj());
printf("\n%d",funj());
printf("\n%d",funj());
//printf("\ni=%d\nj=%d",i,j);
return 0;
}

int funi()
{
int i;
i++;
return i;
}

int funj()
{
static int j;
j++;
return j;
}


output:
1
1
1
1
2
3

x= 5;
z = ++x + ++x ;
cout<<z;

why does this display 14 , instead of 13 ?