Python - Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables in Python. The basic assignment operator is =. Additionally, there are compound assignment operators like += (add and assign), -= (subtract and assign), *= (multiply and assign), and /= (divide and assign).

Example: Using assignment operators in Python.

# Example of using assignment operators
x = 5

# Simple assignment
y = x
print("y (simple assignment):", y)

# Compound assignment (add and assign)
x += 3
print("x (after x += 3):", x)

# Compound assignment (subtract and assign)
x -= 2
print("x (after x -= 2):", x)

# Compound assignment (multiply and assign)
x *= 4
print("x (after x *= 4):", x)

# Compound assignment (divide and assign)
x /= 2
print("x (after x /= 2):", x)

y (simple assignment): 5
x (after x += 3): 8
x (after x -= 2): 6
x (after x *= 4): 24
x (after x /= 2): 12.0

In this example, various assignment operators are demonstrated. The compound assignment operators modify the value of x and assign the result back to x.

The in keyword in Python is used to check whether a specified element is present in a sequence (such as strings, lists, or tuples). It returns True if the element is found and False otherwise.

Example: Using the in keyword with strings and lists.

# Example with strings
string_example = "Python"
char_to_check = "t"

# Check if a character is present in the string
is_present = char_to_check in string_example
print(f"Is '{char_to_check}' present in '{string_example}'? {is_present}")

# Example with lists
list_example = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
element_to_check = 3

# Check if an element is present in the list
is_present = element_to_check in list_example
print(f"Is {element_to_check} present in {list_example}? {is_present}")

Is 't' present in 'Python'? True
Is 3 present in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]? True

In this example, the in keyword is used to check if a specific character is present in a string and if a specific element is present in a list.

The slice operator (:) in Python is used to extract a portion of a sequence, such as a string, list, or tuple. It allows you to create a new sequence containing elements from a specified start index to an end index (exclusive), with an optional step size.

Example: Using the slice operator with strings and lists.

# Example with strings
string_example = "PythonProgramming"

# Extract a substring using slicing
substring = string_example[6:16]  # From index 6 to 15
print("Substring:", substring)

# Example with lists
list_example = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

# Extract a sublist using slicing
sublist = list_example[2:7]  # From index 2 to 6
print("Sublist:", sublist)

Substring: Programming
Sublist: [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

In this example, the slice operator is used to extract a substring from a string and a sublist from a list. The general syntax is start:stop:step, where start is the starting index, stop is the ending index (exclusive), and step is the step size between elements.

In Python, the ** operator is used for exponentiation. It raises the left operand to the power of the right operand.

Example: Using the ** operator for exponentiation.

# Example
base = 2
exponent = 3

# Calculate the result of exponentiation
result = base ** exponent
print("Result:", result)

Result: 8

In this example, the ** operator is used to calculate 2 raised to the power of 3, resulting in 8. The general syntax is base ** exponent.