Interview Questions - Networking

In fixed-size framing, there is no need for defining the boundaries of the frames. The size itself can be used as a delimiter.

In byte stuffing (or character stuffing), a special byte is added to the data section of the frame when there is a character with the same pattern as the flag. The data section is stuffed with an extra byte. This byte is usually called the escape character (ESC), which has a predefined bit pattern. Whenever the receiver encounters the ESC character, it removes it from the data section and treats the next character as data, not a delimiting flag.

Bit stuffing is the process of adding one extra 0 whenever five consecutive Is follow a 0 in the data, so that the receiver does not mistake the pattern 0111110 for a flag.

Flow control refers to a set of procedures used to restrict the amount of data that the sender can send before waiting for acknowledgment.