General Knowledge - General Science - Discussion

Discussion Forum : General Science - Elements and Metals (Q.No. 32)
32.
Permanent hardness of water may be removed by the addition of
sodium carbonate
alum
potassium permanganate
lime
Answer: Option
Explanation:
No answer description is available. Let's discuss.
Discussion:
12 comments Page 2 of 2.

Harry said:   5 years ago
Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, is also known as washing soda. It can remove temporary and permanent hardness from water. Sodium carbonate is soluble but calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate are insoluble.

Durga Prasad said:   3 years ago
Permanent hardness of water is due to dissolved salts of chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium which can be removed by adding sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) (washing soda or soda ash) which reacts with these dissolved salts to form insoluble carbonates that can be removed by filtration and then water becomes soft.
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