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Rameshwaram, Tamilnadu.

Where is Rameshwaram? In which state?

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Coral reefs are underwater structures made from calcium carbonate secreted by corals. Coral reefs are colonies of tiny animals found in marine waters that contain few nutrients.

They are some type of ocean plants.

Fathometer surveys determine water depths by repeatedly transmitting seismic energy through the water column and recording the arrival time of the reflected energy from the water bottom. The instrument calculates the water depth from these data and prints a depth value as a continuous graphic profile. Most fathometers use a narrow bandwidth 200 kHz seismic signal. They provide accurate depth information, but very little information about the subbottom. Fathometers that use a lower frequency, e.g., 20 kHz, can detect reflections from sub bottom interfaces such as the bottom of an infilled scour hole.

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The most recent scientific ecological survey of the islands has been conducted by Rodrigues (1996). This is based on transect studies conducted in the Lagoons in 1993,1994 and 1995. He reports that corals on the reef flats and lagoons of uninhabited islands was diverse and dense however in most inhabited islands their status can be classified as endangered.

Qualitative observations of Andreas who runs a dive school in Bangaram and has been diving off Bangaram, Agatti and Perumal Par for the last nine years, is that the corals are growing and that he had observed some damage due to Acathanster plancii attack in a portion of the reef five years ago and that today it is one of his favorite dive locations. The fact that the same diving tourist have made even up to four return visits to Bangaram in the past decade also speaks for itself.

Qualitative observations of two dive instructors at Kadmat is that diving is quite fantastic. They however have also observed Acathanster plancii in the dive area and in April 1997 removed two hundred in a matter of twenty minutes of diving time.

There is a unanimous feeling that one had to take proper controls for sewage disposal. The contamination from fecal matter and kitchen waste in the lagoons alone can take its toll of the coral reef.