Electronics - Voltage and Current - Discussion

Generally, current is a flow of electrons. Then how the flow of protons is considered as a conventional current. Please explain.

Please explain what is difference between conventional current and electron current ?

Is it relate to the difference b/w electricity and current?

A flow of positive charge gives the same electric current as an opposite flow of negative charge. Thus, opposite flows of opposite charges contribute to a single electric current. For this reason, the polarity of the flowing charges can usually be ignored during measurements. All the flowing charges are assumed to have positive polarity, and this flow is called Conventional current.

In solid metals such as wires, the positive charge carriers are immobile, and only the negatively charged electrons flow. Because the electron carries negative charge, the electron motion in a metal is in the direction opposite to that of conventional (or electric) current. In many other conductive materials, the electric current is due to the flow of both positively and negatively charged particles at the same time. In still others, the current is entirely due to positive charge flow. For example, the electric currents in electrolytes are flows of electrically charged atoms(ions) , which exist in both positive and negative varieties. In a common lead-acid electrochemical cell, electric currents are composed of positive hydrogen ions(protons) flowing in one direction, and negative sulfate ions flowing in the other.

Electric currents in sparks or plasma are flows of electrons as well as positive and negative ions. In ice and in certain solid Electrolytes, the electric current is entirely composed of flowing protons. For conceptual simplicity, Conventional current is used to conceal these issues by summing the various currents together into a single value.

There are also materials where the electric current is due to the flow of electrons, and yet it is conceptually easier to think of the current as due to the flow of positive "holes" (the spots that should have an electron to make the conductor neutral). This is the case in a p-type semiconductor.

Protons can't flow out of the atoms but in the conventional current flow in case of the semiconductors the holes (vacant spaces created by the electrons) which are assumed to be positive flow in the direction of the conventional current.

Why should not be option b? I think it is also correct.

Conventional current means flow of positive charges (protons). So the answer should be B.

Please give a short&sweet answer.

Conventional current flows in a direction opposite to that of electron flow.

Electron flows from negative to positive. Protons never flows.

In case of semiconductors holes flows in the same direction of conventional current flow.

I think conventional current flow means the current flow process in a conductor (no band gap not require external energy, so its faster) and vice-versa.