Current Affairs - Economy

India's export performance in the financial year 2025–26 showed steady growth compared to the previous year. The total exports rose from $825.26 billion in 2024–25 to $860.09 billion, reflecting a 4.22% increase. This growth was driven by improvements in both merchandise and services exports. Merchandise exports reached $441.78 billion, while services exports contributed $418.31 billion. Despite this growth, imports increased at a faster rate, leading to a widening trade deficit. The export figure of $860.09 billion marks a significant milestone in India's external trade performance.

The Draft Sugarcane Control Order 2026 proposes increasing the minimum distance between new sugar mills to 25 km, replacing the earlier limit of 15 km. This measure aims to prevent excessive clustering of mills and ensure fair access to sugarcane resources for farmers. By maintaining adequate distance, the policy helps reduce competition among mills for raw materials and supports balanced regional development. It also considers changing consumption patterns, including reduced sugar demand and a shift toward alternatives like jaggery. Overall, the proposal seeks to create a more sustainable and efficient sugar industry structure in India.

The agreement involved a major collaboration between POSCO Group of South Korea and JSW Steel of India to establish a large integrated steel plant in Odisha. The project, valued at $7.3 billion, is a significant step toward boosting India’s steel production capacity. Both companies will hold equal stakes of 50 per cent in the joint venture, highlighting a balanced partnership. The plant is expected to produce 6 million tons of steel annually and will cover the entire production process at a single site. This initiative aligns with India’s long-term goal of increasing its steel production capacity under the National Steel Policy.

The projection highlights a growth range between 6.8% and the upper bound mentioned, indicating a steady expansion of the Indian economy despite global uncertainties such as oil price fluctuations and geopolitical tensions. It reflects confidence in domestic demand, investment activity, and financial sector stability. The estimate also aligns with moderate inflation and fiscal deficit levels, suggesting balanced macroeconomic conditions. Additionally, India’s increasing integration into global value chains and resilience of key sectors like banking and services contribute to maintaining this growth trajectory over the financial year.

In FY 2025–26, China emerged as India’s top trading partner, surpassing the United States after four years. The total bilateral trade between India and China reached $151.1 billion, reflecting strong economic engagement despite geopolitical tensions. However, this growth also highlighted a significant trade imbalance, with India’s imports from China far exceeding its exports. The surge in imports, especially in sectors like electronics and machinery, contributed to a record-high trade deficit. This development underscores the evolving dynamics of global trade and India’s increasing reliance on Chinese goods.