Current Affairs - Bills and Acts

The Disaster Management Act was enacted in 2005 to establish a comprehensive legal framework for disaster management in India. This Act laid the foundation for national and state disaster management authorities and provided a systematic approach to disaster preparedness, mitigation, and response. Its significance remains critical, as reflected in the Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024, which seeks to enhance and address the operational challenges of the original Act, ensuring better alignment with evolving needs.

The Aircraft Act was originally enacted in 1934 to regulate various aspects of civil aviation, including safety, security, and accident investigations, establishing key bodies such as the DGCA, BCAS, and AAIB. The Bharatiya Vayuyan Vidheyak Bill, 2024, replaces the Aircraft Act, retaining its foundational provisions while introducing reforms like single-window clearances for RTR certifications and expanded DGCA authority over aircraft design and manufacturing. The Bill reflects efforts to modernize the aviation sector and enhance regulatory oversight while addressing inefficiencies in the previous framework established in 1934.

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, enacted in 2013, aims to create a safe and respectful work environment for women. To enhance its implementation, the Ministry of Women and Child Development launched the SHe-Box portal, which ensures confidentiality and provides a streamlined process for filing and tracking complaints. The portal allows nodal officers to monitor it, ensuring transparency and accountability in addressing workplace harassment. By reinforcing the provisions of the 2013 Act, the initiative highlights the government’s commitment to safeguarding women’s rights at work.

Article 142 of the Indian Constitution grants the Supreme Court the power to pass orders necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it. Invoking this Article, the Supreme Court issued guidelines to ensure due process in property demolitions, mandating procedures such as 15-day notice periods, personal hearings, and videotaped proceedings. This directive aims to prevent arbitrary demolitions and promote fairness in administrative actions, particularly in cases where demolitions are linked to accusations against individuals or their family members.

The Supreme Court, in a 4:1 decision, upheld Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, which was introduced through the Assam Accord of 1985. This section deals with citizenship provisions for migrants entering Assam from Bangladesh between 1950 and 1971, aiming to address concerns over illegal migration while balancing humanitarian and economic aspects. Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud led the majority in support of the section, but Justice J.B. Pardiwala dissented, expressing that Section 6A may have become unconstitutional with time.