Current Affairs - Bills and Acts

The Lokpal Act, aimed at addressing corruption through the establishment of an ombudsman, was enacted in 2014. This legislation was significantly influenced by the efforts of social activist Anna Hazare, whose movement garnered widespread public and political attention. The act's implementation marked a major step in institutionalizing mechanisms for transparency and accountability in governance. Celebrating Lokpal Foundation Day on January 16 acknowledges the contributions of individuals like Hazare, who played a pivotal role in its creation.

Article 153 of the Indian Constitution mandates that there shall be a Governor for each State. It also allows one person to serve as Governor for multiple States if required. The Governor acts as the constitutional head of the State, exercising executive powers as prescribed in the Constitution. Their role is vital in maintaining the federal structure, ensuring the State's administration aligns with constitutional provisions. This makes Article 153 fundamental to the governance framework in India.

The GST Council has approved the implementation of a 'Track and Trace Mechanism' to curb tax evasion for certain commodities. To facilitate this, Section 148A is to be added to the CGST Act, 2017, which provides the government with the necessary authority to enforce this mechanism. This system involves affixing unique marks on goods/packages to enable tracking throughout the supply chain.

The Right to Education (RTE) Act, enacted in 2009, ensures free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years. Section 16 of the Act initially introduced a no-detention policy, prohibiting the retention of students up to Class 8 to reduce dropout rates and encourage learning without fear of failure. However, the policy was later amended in 2019 to allow student retention based on performance. The implementation of the amended rules in 2024 aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and introduces revised promotion criteria, remedial instruction, and a focus on holistic development to address learning gaps effectively.

Article 136 of the Indian Constitution grants the Supreme Court discretionary power to hear special leave petitions (SLPs). This extraordinary jurisdiction allows the Court to address cases involving substantial questions of law or potential miscarriages of justice, even where no direct right of appeal exists. Originating from the Government of India Act, of 1935, the mechanism empowers the Court to intervene in both civil and criminal matters. SLPs are instrumental in reducing the backlog of pending cases, ensuring justice in exceptional situations, and maintaining the Court's role as the ultimate arbiter of law in India.