C Programming - Expressions - Discussion

Discussion Forum : Expressions - Find Output of Program (Q.No. 2)
2.
Assuming, integer is 2 byte, What will be the output of the program?
#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
    printf("%x\n", -2<<2);
    return 0;
}
ffff
0  
fff8
Error
Answer: Option
Explanation:
The integer value 2 is represented as 00000000 00000010 in binary system.

Negative numbers are represented in 2's complement method.

1's complement of 00000000 00000010 is 11111111 11111101 (Change all 0s to 1 and 1s to 0).

2's complement of 00000000 00000010 is 11111111 11111110 (Add 1 to 1's complement to obtain the 2's complement value).

Therefore, in binary we represent -2 as: 11111111 11111110.

After left shifting it by 2 bits we obtain: 11111111 11111000, and it is equal to "fff8" in hexadecimal system.
Discussion:
33 comments Page 2 of 4.

Saisudha said:   1 decade ago
How is left shifting done? Can anyone please explain it?

Nitesh Alashe said:   10 years ago
Firstly 2: 0000 0000 0000 0010.

Make complement of 2 we get -2: 1111 1111 1111 1101 (All 0's to 1 and 1's to 0).

Then add 1 in that, then it becomes +1: 1111 1111 1111 1110.

As there is << operator which is pointing towards right to left.

So add 2 zero's to right it becomes 1111 1111 1111 1000 which is FFF8.

So option C.

VENKAT said:   10 years ago
In above explanation why you added only two zeros please can you explain?

Sowndarya said:   9 years ago
Hai, I have a doubt.

What is the use of %x?

Narayan said:   9 years ago
@ all who haven't got this-.

In left shifting we will shift by the numbers given on the right side of operator.

Example -: -2<<2.

So here we will left shift the binary value of 2 by 2 digits and add 2 zeros to the right hand side, since 2 is present on the right hand side of operator, so we add 2 zeros to the right.

Divya said:   9 years ago
We have different format specifiers for int - %d, float - %f, char - %c. etc.,

In the same way %x represents a hexagonal number.

Vikranth said:   9 years ago
How the left shift is done for above problem can anyone explain it?

Vino said:   9 years ago
Why do we need to take 2's complement form?

Vino said:   9 years ago
Why we need to take 2's complement?

Tamilselvi said:   8 years ago
How it is equal to fff8?


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