C Programming - Bitwise Operators - Discussion

Discussion Forum : Bitwise Operators - Find Output of Program (Q.No. 1)
1.
Assunming, integer is 2 byte, What will be the output of the program?
#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
    printf("%x\n", -1>>1);
    return 0;
}
ffff
0fff
0000
fff0
Answer: Option
Explanation:
Negative numbers are treated with 2's complement method.

1's complement: Inverting the bits ( all 1s to 0s and all 0s to 1s)
2's complement: Adding 1 to the result of 1's complement.
Binary of 1(2byte)     :  0000 0000 0000 0001
Representing -1:
1s complement of 1(2byte)    : 1111 1111 1111 1110
Adding 1 to 1's comp. result : 1111 1111 1111 1111
Right shift 1bit(-1>>1): 1111 1111 1111 1111 (carry out 1)
Hexadecimal            : f   f    f    f
(Filled with 1s in the left side in the above step)

Note:

1. Fill with 1s in the left side for right shift for negative numbers.
2. Fill with 0s in the right side for left shift for negative numbers.
3. Fill with 0s in the left side for right shift for positive numbers.
4. Fill with 0s in the right side for left shift for positive numbers.

Discussion:
26 comments Page 2 of 3.

Bheemraj said:   1 decade ago
@fool coder.

>> shifts the bits in right direction, which means number is divided by 2, 4, 8, 16.

Example: 24>>4 gives output 1.

In case of left shift operator, it will multiply the no. by 1, 2, 4, 8. E.g. 17<<2 will give 68.

Can you explain more about negative numbers?

Shankr said:   1 decade ago
@Naresh.

If negative number is shifted it must append with 1.

So output is ffff and not 7fff.

Naresh said:   1 decade ago
-1>>1
-1= for negative value use 2's complement.

-1 -->0000 0000 0000 0001
1's-->1111 1111 1111 1110
2's--> 1
-------------------
1111 1111 1111 1111

And the -1 is right shifting once.

Answer : 0111 1111 1111 1111--->7FFF.

Kiruba said:   1 decade ago
How does 1111 1111 1111 1111 give the same when it is divided by 2(right shifting once)?

SHAKTI said:   1 decade ago
What is o/p ?

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
printf("%x\n", -1>>1);
return 0;
}

Nandini said:   1 decade ago
What does ffff mean?

Priya Ramesh said:   1 decade ago
How we convert numbers into letters and letters into numbers by using hexadecimal system.

Example:1111's are indicated with f how it is possible.

Priya Ramesh said:   1 decade ago
Coder will you explain the program with <<, >> using this symbols.

Nandhu said:   1 decade ago
unsigned int i = -1;

Here i is unsigned even if we declare negative number it will consider as positive

Fool coder said:   1 decade ago
>> shifts the bits in right direction, which means number is divided by 2,4,8,16,.... e.g. 24>>4 gives output 1.

In case of left shift operator, it will multiply the no. by 1,2,4,8,.. e.g. 17<<2 will give 68.

Now at last , ~ this operator finds 1's(one's) complement of any number.


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