Networking - Interview Questions and Answers

"r" redundant bits are added to each block to make the length n = k + r. The resulting n-bit blocks are called codewords. 2ⁿ - 2^k codewords that are not used. These codewords are invalid or illegal.

A linear block code is a code in which the exclusive OR (addition modulo-2) of two valid codewords creates another valid codeword.

Cyclic codes are special linear block codes with one extra property. In a cyclic code, if a codeword is cyclically shifted (rotated), the result is another codeword.

A device or program that uses predefined algorithms to encode, or compress audio or video data for storage or transmission use. A circuit that is used to convert between digital video and analog video.

A device or program that translates encoded data into its original format (e.g. it decodes the data). The term is often used in reference to MPEG-2 video and sound data, which must be decoded before it is output.

Framing in the data link layer separates a message from one source to a destination, or from other messages to other destinations, by adding a sender address and a destination address. The destination address defines where the packet has to go and the sender address helps the recipient acknowledge the receipt.