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SAP BW Important Interview Questions Paper- Part - 3

SAP BW Important Interview Questions Paper- Part - 3
Q) AS WE USE Sbwnn, sbiw1, sbiw2 for delta update in LIS  THEN WHAT IS THE PROCEDURE IN LO-COCKPIT?
No LIS in LO cockpit. We will have datasources and can be maintained (append  fields). Refer white paper on LO-Cockpit extractions.


Q) Why we delete the setup tables (LBWG) & fill them (OLI*BW)?

A) Initially we don't delete the setup tables but when we do change in extract  structure we go for it. We r changing the extract structure right, that means  there are some newly added fields in that which r not before. So to get the  required data ( i.e.; the data which is required is taken and to avoid  redundancy) we delete n then fill the setup tables.


To refresh the statistical data. The extraction set up reads the dataset that  you want to process such as, customers orders with the tables like VBAK, VBAP) &  fills the relevant communication structure with the data. The data is stored in  cluster tables from where it is read when the initialization is run. It is  important that during initialization phase, no one generates or modifies  application data, at least until the tables can be set up.


Q) SIGNIFICANCE of ODS?
It holds granular data (detailed level).


Q) WHERE THE PSA DATA IS STORED?
In PSA table.


Q) WHAT IS DATA SIZE?
The volume of data one data target holds (in no. of records)


Q) Different types of INFOCUBES.
Basic, Virtual (remote, sap remote and multi)

Virtual Cube is used for example, if you consider railways reservation all the  information has to be updated online. For designing the Virtual cube you have to  write the function module that is linking to table, Virtual cube it is like a  the structure, when ever the table is updated the virtual cube will fetch the  data from table and display report Online... FYI.. you will get the information  : https://www.sdn.sap.com/sdn /index.sdn and search for Designing Virtual Cube  and you will get a good material designing the Function Module


Q) INFOSET QUERY.
Can be made of ODS's and Characteristic InfoObjects with masterdata.


Q) IF THERE ARE 2 DATASOURCES HOW MANY TRANSFER STRUCTURES ARE THERE.
In R/3 or in BW? 2 in R/3 and 2 in BW


Q) ROUTINES?
Exist in the InfoObject, transfer routines, update routines and start  routine


Q) BRIEF SOME STRUCTURES USED IN BEX.
Rows and Columns, you can create structures.


Q) WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT VARIABLES USED IN BEX?
Different Variable's are Texts, Formulas, Hierarchies, Hierarchy nodes &  Characteristic values.


Variable Types are

Manual entry /default value
Replacement path
SAP exit
Customer exit
Authorization


Q) HOW MANY LEVELS YOU CAN GO IN REPORTING?
You can drill down to any level by using Navigational attributes and jump  targets.


Q) WHAT ARE INDEXES?
Indexes are data base indexes, which help in retrieving data fastly.


Q) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2.1 AND 3.X VERSIONS.
Help! Refer documentation


Q) IS IT NESSESARY TO INITIALIZE EACH TIME THE DELTA UPDATE IS USED?
No.


Q) WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF KPI'S?
KPI's indicate the performance of a company. These are key figures


Q) AFTER THE DATA EXTRACTION WHAT IS THE IMAGE POSITION.
After image (correct me if I am wrong)


Q) REPORTING AND RESTRICTIONS.
Help! Refer documentation.


Q) TOOLS USED FOR PERFORMANCE TUNING.
ST22, Number ranges, delete indexes before load. Etc


Q) PROCESS CHAINS: IF U has USED IT THEN HOW WILL U SCHEDULING DATA DAILY.
There should be some tool to run the job daily (SM37 jobs)


Q) AUTHORIZATIONS.
Profile generator


Q) WEB REPORTING.
What are you expecting??


Q) CAN CHARECTERSTIC INFOOBJECT CAN BE INFOPROVIDER.
Of course


Q) PROCEDURES OF REPORTING ON MULTICUBES
Refer help. What are you expecting? MultiCube works on Union condition


Q) EXPLAIN TRANPSORTATION OF OBJECTS?
Dev---Ã Q and Dev-------Ã P

Q) What types of partitioning are there for BW?

There are two Partitioning Performance aspects for BW (Cube & PSA)
Query Data Retrieval Performance Improvement:
Partitioning by (say) Date Range improves data retrieval by making best use of  database [data range] execution plans and indexes (of say Oracle database  engine).
B) Transactional Load Partitioning Improvement:
Partitioning based on expected load volumes and data element sizes. Improves  data loading into PSA and Cubes by infopackages (Eg. without timeouts).

Q) How can I compare data in R/3 with data in a BW Cube after the daily delta  loads? Are there any standard procedures for checking them or matching the  number of records?

A) You can go to R/3 TCode RSA3 and run the extractor. It will give you the  number of records extracted. Then go to BW Monitor to check the number of  records in the PSA and check to see if it is the same & also in the monitor  header tab.
A) RSA3 is a simple extractor checker program that allows you to rule out  extracts problems in R/3. It is simple to use, but only really tells you if the  extractor works. Since records that get updated into Cubes/ODS structures are  controlled by Update Rules, you will not be able to determine what is in the  Cube compared to what is in the R/3 environment. You will need to compare  records on a 1:1 basis against records in R/3 transactions for the functional  area in question. I would recommend enlisting the help of the end user community  to assist since they presumably know the data.

To use RSA3, go to it and enter the extractor ex: 2LIS_02_HDR. Click execute and  you will see the record count, you can also go to display that data. You are not  modifying anything so what you do in RSA3 has no effect on data quality  afterwards. However, it will not tell you how many records should be expected in  BW for a given load. You have that information in the monitor RSMO during and  after data loads. From RSMO for a given load you can determine how many records  were passed through the transfer rules from R/3, how many targets were updated,  and how many records passed through the Update Rules. It also gives you error  messages from the PSA.



Q) Types of Transfer Rules?

A) Field to Field mapping, Constant, Variable & routine.


Q) Types of Update Rules?

A) (Check box), Return table


Q) Transfer Routine?

A) Routines, which we write in, transfer rules.


Q) Update Routine?

A) Routines, which we write in Update rules


Q) What is the difference between writing a routine in transfer rules and  writing a routine in update rules?

A) If you are using the same InfoSource to update data in more than one data  target its better u write in transfer rules because u can assign one InfoSource  to more than one data target & and what ever logic u write in update rules it is  specific to particular one data target.


Q) Routine with Return Table.

A) Update rules generally only have one return value. However, you can create a  routine in the tab strip key figure calculation, by choosing checkbox Return  table. The corresponding key figure routine then no longer has a return value,  but a return table. You can then generate as many key figure values, as you like  from one data record.



Q) Start routines?

A) Start routines u can write in both updates rules and transfer rules, suppose  you want to restrict (delete) some records based on conditions before getting  loaded into data targets, then you can specify this in update rules-start  routine.

Ex: - Delete Data_Package ani ante it will delete a record based on the  condition



Q) X & Y Tables?

X-table = A table to link material SIDs with SIDs for time-independent  navigation attributes.

Y-table = A table to link material SIDs with SIDS for time-dependent navigation  attributes.

There are four types of sid tables

X time independent navigational attributes sid tables

Y time dependent navigational attributes sid tables

H hierarchy sid tables

I hierarchy structure sid tables



Q) Filters & Restricted Key figures (real time example)

Restricted KF's u can have for an SD cube: billed quantity, billing value, no:  of billing documents as RKF's.


Q) Line-Item Dimension (give me an real time example)

Line-Item Dimension: Invoice no: or Doc no: is a real time example



Q) What does the number in the 'Total' column in Transaction RSA7 mean?

A) The 'Total' column displays the number of LUWs that were written in the delta  queue and that have not yet been confirmed. The number includes the LUWs of the  last delta request (for repetition of a delta request) and the LUWs for the next  delta request. A LUW only disappears from the RSA7 display when it has been  transferred to the BW System and a new delta request has been received from the  BW System.


Q) How to know in which table (SAP BW) contains Technical Name / Description  and creation data of a particular Reports. Reports that are created using BEx  Analyzer.

A) There is no such table in BW if you want to know such details while you are  opening a particular query press properties button you will come to know all the  details that you wanted.

You will find your information about technical names and description about  queries in the following tables. Directory of all reports (Table RSRREPDIR) and  Directory of the reporting component elements (Table RSZELTDIR) for workbooks  and the connections to queries check Where- used list for reports in workbooks  (Table RSRWORKBOOK) Titles of Excel Workbooks in InfoCatalog (Table RSRWBINDEXT)


Q) What is a LUW in the delta queue?

A) A LUW from the point of view of the delta queue can be an individual  document, a group of documents from a collective run or a whole data packet of  an application extractor.


Q) Why does the number in the 'Total' column in the overview screen of  Transaction RSA7 differ from the number of data records that is displayed when  you call the detail view?

A) The number on the overview screen corresponds to the total of LUWs (see  also first question) that were written to the qRFC queue and that have not yet  been confirmed. The detail screen displays the records contained in the LUWs.  Both, the records belonging to the previous delta request and the records that  do not meet the selection conditions of the preceding delta init requests are  filtered out. Thus, only the records that are ready for the next delta request  are displayed on the detail screen. In the detail screen of Transaction RSA7, a  possibly existing customer exit is not taken into account.


Q) Why does Transaction RSA7 still display LUWs on the overview screen after  successful delta loading?

A) Only when a new delta has been requested does the source system learn that  the previous delta was successfully loaded to the BW System. Then, the LUWs of  the previous delta may be confirmed (and also deleted). In the meantime, the  LUWs must be kept for a possible delta request repetition. In particular, the  number on the overview screen does not change when the first delta was loaded to  the BW System.


Q) Why are selections not taken into account when the delta queue is filled?

A) Filtering according to selections takes place when the system reads from the  delta queue. This is necessary for reasons of performance.


Q) Why is there a DataSource with '0' records in RSA7 if delta exists and has  also been loaded successfully?

It is most likely that this is a DataSource that does not send delta data to the  BW System via the delta queue but directly via the extractor (delta for master  data using ALE change pointers). Such a DataSource should not be displayed in  RSA7. This error is corrected with BW 2.0B Support Package 11.


Q) Do the entries in table ROIDOCPRMS have an impact on the performance of  the loading procedure from the delta queue?

A) The impact is limited. If performance problems are related to the loading  process from the delta queue, then refer to the application-specific notes (for  example in the CO-PA area, in the logistics cockpit area and so on).

Caution: As of Plug In 2000.2 patch 3 the entries in table ROIDOCPRMS are as  effective for the delta queue as for a full update. Please note, however, that  LUWs are not split during data loading for consistency reasons. This means that  when very large LUWs are written to the DeltaQueue, the actual package size may  differ considerably from the MAXSIZE and MAXLINES parameters.


Q) Why does it take so long to display the data in the delta queue (for  example approximately 2 hours)?

A) With Plug In 2001.1 the display was changed: the user has the option of  defining the amount of data to be displayed, to restrict it, to selectively  choose the number of a data record, to make a distinction between the 'actual'  delta data and the data intended for repetition and so on.


Q) What is the purpose of function 'Delete data and meta data in a queue' in  RSA7? What exactly is deleted?

A) You should act with extreme caution when you use the deletion function in the  delta queue. It is comparable to deleting an InitDelta in the BW System and  should preferably be executed there. You do not only delete all data of this  DataSource for the affected BW System, but also lose the entire information  concerning the delta initialization. Then you can only request new deltas after  another delta initialization.

When you delete the data, the LUWs kept in the qRFC queue for the corresponding  target system are confirmed. Physical deletion only takes place in the qRFC  outbound queue if there are no more references to the LUWs.

The deletion function is for example intended for a case where the BW System,  from which the delta initialization was originally executed, no longer exists or  can no longer be accessed.


Q) Why does it take so long to delete from the delta queue (for example half  a day)?

A) Import PlugIn 2000.2 patch 3. With this patch the performance during deletion  is considerably improved.


Q) Why is the delta queue not updated when you start the V3 update in the  logistics cockpit area?

A) It is most likely that a delta initialization had not yet run or that the  delta initialization was not successful. A successful delta initialization (the  corresponding request must have QM status 'green' in the BW System) is a  prerequisite for the application data being written in the delta queue.


Q) What is the relationship between RSA7 and the qRFC monitor (Transaction  SMQ1)?

A) The qRFC monitor basically displays the same data as RSA7. The internal queue  name must be used for selection on the initial screen of the qRFC monitor. This  is made up of the prefix 'BW, the client and the short name of the DataSource.  For DataSources whose name are 19 characters long or shorter, the short name  corresponds to the name of the DataSource. For DataSources whose name is longer  than 19 characters (for delta-capable DataSources only possible as of PlugIn  2001.1) the short name is assigned in table ROOSSHORTN.

In the qRFC monitor you cannot distinguish between repeatable and new LUWs.  Moreover, the data of a LUW is displayed in an unstructured manner there.


Q) Why are the data in the delta queue although the V3 update was not  started?

A) Data was posted in background. Then, the records are updated directly in the  delta queue (RSA7). This happens in particular during automatic goods receipt  posting (MRRS). There is no duplicate transfer of records to the BW system. See  Note 417189.


Q) Why does button 'Repeatable' on the RSA7 data details screen not only show  data loaded into BW during the last delta but also data that were newly added,  i.e. 'pure' delta records?

A) Was programmed in a way that the request in repeat mode fetches both  actually repeatable (old) data and new data from the source system.


Q) I loaded several delta inits with various selections. For which one is the  delta loaded?

A) For delta, all selections made via delta inits are summed up. This means, a  delta for the 'total' of all delta initializations is loaded.


Q) How many selections for delta inits are possible in the system?

A) With simple selections (intervals without complicated join conditions or  single values), you can make up to about 100 delta inits. It should not be more.

With complicated selection conditions, it should be only up to 10-20 delta  inits.

Reason: With many selection conditions that are joined in a complicated way, too  many 'where' lines are generated in the generated ABAP source code that may  exceed the memory limit.


Q) I intend to copy the source system, i.e. make a client copy. What will  happen with may delta? Should I initialize again after that?

A) Before you copy a source client or source system, make sure that your deltas  have been fetched from the DeltaQueue into BW and that no delta is pending.  After the client copy, an inconsistency might occur between BW delta tables and  the OLTP delta tables as described in Note 405943. After the client copy, Table  ROOSPRMSC will probably be empty in the OLTP since this table is  client-independent. After the system copy, the table will contain the entries  with the old logical system name that are no longer useful for further delta  loading from the new logical system. The delta must be initialized in any case  since delta depends on both the BW system and the source system. Even if no dump  'MESSAGE_TYPE_X' occurs in BW when editing or creating an InfoPackage, you  should expect that the delta have to be initialized after the copy.


Q) Is it allowed in Transaction SMQ1 to use the functions for manual control  of processes?

A) Use SMQ1 as an instrument for diagnosis and control only. Make changes to BW  queues only after informing the BW Support or only if this is explicitly  requested in a note for component 'BC-BW' or 'BW-WHM-SAPI'.


Q) Despite of the delta request being started after completion of the  collective run (V3 update), it does not contain all documents. Only another  delta request loads the missing documents into BW. What is the cause for this  "splitting"?

A) The collective run submits the open V2 documents for processing to the task  handler, which processes them in one or several parallel update processes in an  asynchronous way. For this reason, plan a sufficiently large "safety time  window" between the end of the collective run in the source system and the start  of the delta request in BW. An alternative solution where this problem does not  occur is described in Note 505700.


Q) Despite my deleting the delta init, LUWs are still written into the  DeltaQueue?

A) In general, delta initializations and deletions of delta inits should always  be carried out at a time when no posting takes place. Otherwise, buffer problems  may occur: If a user started the internal mode at a time when the delta  initialization was still active, he/she posts data into the queue even though  the initialization had been deleted in the meantime. This is the case in your  system.


Q) In SMQ1 (qRFC Monitor) I have status 'NOSEND'. In the table TRFCQOUT, some  entries have the status 'READY', others 'RECORDED'. ARFCSSTATE is 'READ'. What  do these statuses mean? Which values in the field 'Status' mean what and which  values are correct and which are alarming? Are the statuses BW-specific or  generally valid in qRFC?

A) Table TRFCQOUT and ARFCSSTATE: Status READ means that the record was read  once either in a delta request or in a repetition of the delta request. However,  this does not mean that the record has successfully reached the BW yet. The  status READY in the TRFCQOUT and RECORDED in the ARFCSSTATE means that the  record has been written into the DeltaQueue and will be loaded into the BW with  the next delta request or a repetition of a delta. In any case only the statuses  READ, READY and RECORDED in both tables are considered to be valid. The status  EXECUTED in TRFCQOUT can occur temporarily. It is set before starting a  DeltaExtraction for all records with status READ present at that time. The  records with status EXECUTED are usually deleted from the queue in packages  within a delta request directly after setting the status before extracting a new  delta. If you see such records, it means that either a process which is  confirming and deleting records which have been loaded into the BW is  successfully running at the moment, or, if the records remain in the table for a  longer period of time with status EXECUTED, it is likely that there are problems  with deleting the records which have already been successfully been loaded into  the BW. In this state, no more deltas are loaded into the BW. Every other status  is an indicator for an error or an inconsistency. NOSEND in SMQ1 means nothing  (see note 378903).

The value 'U' in field 'NOSEND' of table TRFCQOUT is discomforting.


Q) The extract structure was changed when the DeltaQueue was empty.  Afterwards new delta records were written to the DeltaQueue. When loading the  delta into the PSA, it shows that some fields were moved. The same result occurs  when the contents of the DeltaQueue are listed via the detail display. Why are  the data displayed differently? What can be done?

Make sure that the change of the extract structure is also reflected in the  database and that all servers are synchronized. We recommend to reset the  buffers using Transaction $SYNC. If the extract structure change is not  communicated synchronously to the server where delta records are being created,  the records are written with the old structure until the new structure has been  generated. This may have disastrous consequences for the delta.

When the problem occurs, the delta needs to be re-initialized.


Q) How and where can I control whether a repeat delta is requested?

A) Via the status of the last delta in the BW Request Monitor. If the request is  RED, the next load will be of type 'Repeat'. If you need to repeat the last load  for certain reasons, set the request in the monitor to red manually. For the  contents of the repeat see Question 14. Delta requests set to red despite of  data being already updated lead to duplicate records in a subsequent repeat, if  they have not been deleted from the data targets concerned before.


Q) As of PI 2003.1, the Logistic Cockpit offers various types of update  methods. Which update method is recommended in logistics? According to which  criteria should the decision be made? How can I choose an update method in  logistics?

See the recommendation in Note 505700.


Q) Are there particular recommendations regarding the data volume the  DeltaQueue may grow to without facing the danger of a read failure due to memory  problems?

A) There is no strict limit (except for the restricted number range of the  24-digit QCOUNT counter in the LUW management table - which is of no practical  importance, however - or the restrictions regarding the volume and number of  records in a database table).

When estimating "smooth" limits, both the number of LUWs is important and the  average data volume per LUW. As a rule, we recommend to bundle data (usually  documents) already when writing to the DeltaQueue to keep number of LUWs small  (partly this can be set in the applications, e.g. in the Logistics Cockpit). The  data volume of a single LUW should not be considerably larger than 10% of the  memory available to the work process for data extraction (in a 32-bit  architecture with a memory volume of about 1GByte per work process, 100 Mbytes  per LUW should not be exceeded). That limit is of rather small practical  importance as well since a comparable limit already applies when writing to the  DeltaQueue. If the limit is observed, correct reading is guaranteed in most  cases.

If the number of LUWs cannot be reduced by bundling application transactions,  you should at least make sure that the data are fetched from all connected BWs  as quickly as possible. But for other, BW-specific, reasons, the frequency  should not be higher than one DeltaRequest per hour.

To avoid memory problems, a program-internal limit ensures that never more than  1 million LUWs are read and fetched from the database per DeltaRequest. If this  limit is reached within a request, the DeltaQueue must be emptied by several  successive DeltaRequests. We recommend, however, to try not to reach that limit  but trigger the fetching of data from the connected BWs already when the number  of LUWs reaches a 5-digit value.
 
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