(2) is correct because class type Ticker is part of the class hierarchy of t; therefore it is a legal use of the instanceof operator. (4) is also correct because Component is part of the hierarchy of t, because Ticker extends Component.
(1) is incorrect because the syntax is wrong. A variable (or null) always appears before the instanceof operator, and a type appears after it. (3) is incorrect because the statement is used as a method (t.instanceof(Ticker);), which is illegal.
Statements (1), (2), (3), and (4) are correct. (1) is correct because when a floating-point number (a double in this case) is cast to an int, it simply loses the digits after the decimal.
(2) and (4) are correct because a long can be cast into a byte. If the long is over 127, it loses its most significant (leftmost) bits.
(3) actually works, even though a cast is not necessary, because a long can store a byte.